Typically, which type of connectors are used on substation ground grids (below grade)?

The use of exothermic welded (Cadweld) connectors in substation ground grids is favored because they produce a strong and highly conductive bond that is also corrosion-resistant. This type of connection is created through an exothermic reaction, which generates extremely high temperatures, allowing the metals to fuse at a molecular level. As a result, the connection achieved is not only robust but also maintains optimal conductivity, which is crucial for grounding applications in substations where reliability and safety are paramount.

In contrast, while other connector types may be suitable for different applications, they do not typically offer the same level of durability and performance that exothermic welds provide in the demanding environment of substation installations. For example, split-bolt and two-bolt connectors may not achieve the same level of contact area or resistance to mechanical stress and environmental factors. Additionally, all-purpose aluminum connectors could be more prone to corrosion, especially in outdoor settings, thereby making exothermic welded connections the preferred choice for effective grounding.